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Serial time-encoded amplified microscopy
Serial time-encoded amplified imaging/microscopy (STEAM) is a fast real-time optical imaging method that provides MHz frame rate, ~100 ps shutter speed, and ~30 dB (× 1000) optical image gain. An example of time-stretch microscopy, STEAM holds world records for shutter speed and frame rate in continuous real-time imaging. STEAM employs the photonic time stretch along with optical image amplification to circumvent the fundamental trade-off between sensitivity and speed that affects virtually all optical imaging and sensing systems. This method employs a single-pixel photodetector, eliminating the need for the detector array and readout time limitations. Avoiding this problem and featuring the optical image amplification for dramatic improvement in sensitivity at high image acquisition rates, STEAM's shutter speed is at least 1000 times faster than the state-of-the-art CCD〔
〕 and CMOS〔
〕 cameras. Its frame rate is 1000 times faster than fastest CCD cameras and 10-100 times faster than fastest CMOS cameras.
== History ==
In 2007, the concept was conceived by Keisuke Goda and co-workers at Photonics Laboratory directed by Bahram Jalali in the Electrical Engineering Department at University of California, Los Angeles. A few months later, a team that consists of Keisuke Goda, Kevin Tsia, and Bahram Jalali demonstrated the one-dimensional version. A year later, they also demonstrated the two-dimensional version. Recently, they have imaged rapidly vibrating objects such as loudspeaker cones by operating in an interferometric configuration.
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